exerpt from the coquest of happiness

Questions

1) Explain the first sentence.
a. By todays standards, being happy and being “good” are one in the same. It assumes tat by being “good” you are happy.

2) Explain what Russell means by “In fact the whole antithesis between self and the rest of the world, which is implied in the doctrine of self-denial, disappears as soon as we have any genuine interest in persons or things outside ourselves.”
a. When we become interested not in ourselves but in helping those around us, then the whole conflict between ourselves and the world is useless and therefore disappears. There is no antithesis needed when we give up selfishness of our own accord

3) How effective is Russel’s simile of the billiard ball? Would he be better without it? A different metaphor?
a. I think it’s effective because most people in America that I assume he’s writing to, are accustomed to what a billiard ball is and therefore understand the metaphor. If he was writing to people inrural India he would need a different metaphor. But for the adience and oint to prove I think it works. It gets his point accros efeectively and simply.

4) Explain what Russell means by a “citizen of the universe.”
a. By not forcing one to choose between oneself and the world, a person is no longer limited to being a citizen of a nation but a citizen of the entire universe. They realize and receive a greater glory.

5) How is this essay like/unlike Singer’s Animal Liberation in style, tone, and content?
a. Singe uses more metaphors to explain his meaning I fel. He uses metaphors (references) to ifferent cultural struggles, people’s intlelligences, animal actions all vs. animal rights. I think his tone is much more “this is wrong,” where Russles tone is more, philosophical and “this is how I think it would help people to live.” Style is different with the pathos used in singer’s essay to get people to feel a certain way and then act on their felings. Russle uses more pathos in that it recognizes how people feel when they do certain actions for themselves and not, and then to get people to come together on common ground feelings. Content is widly diffeent because singeris discussing animal rights and their treatment by us, while Russell is trying to get people to feel differently abou how they act of selfishness towards people. Both deal with selfishness and conving someone to fel a different way about each of their subjects, but the more sspecific subjects are different between the pieces and how people are convinced each way.